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Entrepreneurship – from ideas to reality (Open University)

https://www.open.edu/openlearn/money-business/entrepreneurship-ideas-reality/content-section-overview Ideas spotting an opportunity (e.g. a gap in the market) experiencing a problem and looking for a solution for it (e.g. an invention) being able to do something that others can’t (e.g. using a talent) being prepared to do something others don’t want to or can’t do (e.g. cleaning) having something that others might need or want (e.g. investing in plant or machinery for hire). Sources of innovation Internal An unexpected happening A need for improvement in a proces An incongruous happening Changes in the indsutry, its structure of the market External Changes in population demographics Changes in society, in perception, mood, or meaning New types of knowledge The bright idea past and present work and experience hobbies and leisure interests qualifications and studies new markets/uses for existing products solving a persistent problem research and development (R&D) patents, licences and research institutes invention opportunities from new technologies opportunities from economic/market changes changes in consumer behaviour complaints and irritations expressed by potential customers changes in rules and regulations imitating an idea from a different locality imitating an idea from a different industry improving an existing product films, TV and radio books, magazines and the press trade shows, exhibitions and conferences business and social networks family and friends.

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Financial Modeling Foundations (LinkedIn Learning)

https://www.linkedin.com/learning/financial-modeling-foundations https://www.linkedin.com/learning/certificates/61b4251cb70b473f8b1820d156848110144fdf6450252fca362d9706a6d36749 Financial models should: Be simple Focus on key cash flow drivers Convey assumptions and conclusions Help evaluate risks through: Sensitivity analysis Break-even analysis Scenario analysis Types of models Comparison Deterministic (known inputs, precise outputs) vs stochastic (probability-based, Monte Carlo simulations; more complex) Three Statement Model DCF Model Buyout Model Valuation from model Present value of discounted free cash flow or multiples lnvestment decision and implied value depends on equity IRR versus market hurdle rate Entry multiple and acquisition premium depends on equity IRR and hurdle rate Base case risk measurement Weighted average cost of capital, multiples, terminal growth Debt capacity, debt terms Senior and subordinated debt financing and exit multiple Traditional risk assessment from equity perspective Sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis of DCF and multiple value Sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis of equity IRR Sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis of equity IRR Tradition risk assessment from debt perspective Break-even analysis to determine ability to refinance and maintain credit rating Break-even analysis to determine at what point cash flow can’t service debt Break-even analysis to determine IRR on senior and subordinated debt Monte Carlo analysis with model Probability distribution of EPS and DCF valuation Probability distribution of equity IRR and probability of DSCR below 1.